The Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) Export Index rose 8.8 points to 47.8 in the second quarter of this year, showing better business sentiment among Hong Kong exporters after Mainland China's borders reopened and business activities return to normal.

In a report, HKTDC — a statutory body established in 1966 to promote, assist and develop Hong Kong's trade — said all major industries and export markets rallied except for clothing, with toys (55.4, up 7.5 points) and machinery (50.3, up 7.4 points) moving above 50 into expansion territory while, among markets, the European Union (51.4, up 9.4 points) and United States (51.1, up 6.7 points) turned positive for the first time in five years.

It said that based on a quarterly HKTDC survey of 500 exporters from six major industries — machinery, electronics, jewellery, timepieces, toys and clothing — the index at above 50 indicates an optimistic outlook, and below 50 pessimistic.

Export outlook upbeat

Cherry Yeung, senior economist at HKTDC, said three new sub-indices — inventory (48.5), current new orders (45.1) and expected new orders (53.6) — provided a more comprehensive exporter sentiment picture.

Respondents — especially those from toys, timepieces and machinery sectors — expected strong growth in new export orders in July-September.

The report said the profitability outlook improved as more respondents (66.3%, up 15.3 percentage points from the final quarter of last year) expected higher or stable net profit margins for this year.

"Against this backdrop, the city's exporters have adjusted their business strategies, shifting the focus from cash-flow management to spending more resources on marketing, promotion and business matching (41.6%, up 11.7 percentage points from the previous quarter) and diversifying sales into additional overseas markets (31.1%)," Yeung said.

All sub-indices rise

The HKTDC report added that other sub-indices grew this quarter, with the Trade Value Index and Employment Index edging up 0.8 point to 48.8 and 0.5 point to 48.1, respectively, while the Procurement Index leapt 15.9 points to 44.3. 

The Offshore Trade Index — which tracks sentiment around shipments not passing through Hong Kong but managed by businesses within the city, soared 18.5 points to 46.5, "signalling a sustained recovery in demand for Hong Kong’s trading services," Yeung added.

Growing economic risks

Nonetheless, HKTDC noted that the survey results also revealed a slower-than-expected recovery of cargo routed through Hong Kong.

It said only 13.4% (down 23.1 percentage points from the previous quarter) of related respondents expected an increase this year.

As of last month, the number of cross-boundary vehicles at all crossings for goods vehicles and containers reached a plateau at about 60% of the pre-pandemic level. Some industry players said reduced capacity had raised cross-border logistics costs between 20% and 30% from pre-pandemic levels, slowing the recovery.

"The biggest risk was seen as an external one, with most respondents (66.1%, up 29.9 percentage points from the final quarter last year) recognising an economic slowdown or recession in overseas markets as the top challenge to export performance over the third quarter this year," the report said.

Sustained recovery expected

Meanwhile, affected by weakened global demand, a slower-than-expected recovery in cross-border land transport capacity, coupled with a longer-than-expected downcycle in the electronics sector, Hong Kong’s total exports fell 16.5% year-on-year in the first four months of this year. 

HKTDC said among markets, the Middle East grew 11.5%, driven by the two economies’ closer economic and trade ties.

Stimulated by a post-pandemic spike in demand in Mainland China and Macao, Hong Kong’s precious jewellery exports to the two markets surged 32% and 42%, respectively.

Irina Fan, director of research at HKTDC, said the recovery was gathering momentum for the second half of this year which was likely to carry into next year.

"However, traders remain cautious, with many concerned about the challenging external backdrop. The risk of escalating geopolitical tensions may create uncertainties for electronics trade flows throughout the region, especially those relating to the semiconductor industry," she said.

Taking all these factors into account, HKTDC Research has revised its forecast for Hong Kong export growth this year, down from the earlier estimate of 5% to between 0% and 2%.